Necrotising stomatitis as a presenting symptom of HIV

Background: Necrotising Stomatitis is an uncommon oral infection associated with diminished systemic resistance (immunocompromised state) including HIV infection. Significant predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, unusual life stress, recent illness (e.g. Measles), malnutrition, smoking and even inadequate sleep. It occurs commonly in developing nations with poor living conditions. Objective: To present a case of severe Necrotising Stomatitis in a previously undiagnosed HIV Seropositive patient. Patient and Method: This case report describes severe, rapidly spreading necrotising stomatitis in a 35 years old lady, the condition which led to her being diagnosed with HIV. The treatment modalities, challenges of management and the differential diagnosis were discussed. Result: During the course of her management, patient’s oral condition improved. However, later recurrence was seen due to severe anaemia caused by malnutrition and aggravated by Zidovudine antiretroviral drug. Conclusions: There is need for interdisciplinary interactions between the dentists and the physicians managing HIV patients, to allow effective management and afford patient the best treatment.